Apa itu Immature Platelet Fraction

The IPF test is a measurement of thrombopoietic activity used to determine the rate of thrombopoiesis by counting young platelets or reticulated platelets.¹

The IPF percentage (IPF%) and absolute IPF count (IPF#) reflect the percentage and absolute number of immature platelets in the peripheral blood.²

 

 

The Quickest and Easiest Way to Assess Patients with Thrombocytopenia

 

1. An IPF% test helps to determine the cause of thrombocytopenia before a bone marrow examination is carried out³

  • Increased IPF%: Aetiology related to excessive platelet consumption (haemorrhage, ITP, dengue, etc.)
  • Decreased IPF%: Aetiology related to reduced platelet production (cancer, aplastic anaemia, myelodysplasia, etc.)

 

2. IPF% predicts recovery from dengue infection, thereby helping to prevent unnecessary platelet transfusions⁴⁻⁶

An IPF% value of >8–10% serves as a predictor of an increase in platelet count within 24–72 hours in cases of dengue infection.

 

3. A specific IPF% value can predict the bone marrow’s response to treatment in various clinical conditions⁷⁻⁹

IPF can help with:

  • Determining whether thrombocytopenia is related to a problem with platelet production or platelet destruction.³
  • Predicting bone marrow recovery and the rate of thrombopoiesis.⁴⁻⁶
  • Evaluation of therapeutic response in various clinical conditions.⁷⁻⁹

An IPF >10% indicates early signs of platelet recovery within 24–72 hours.¹¹

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How is an IPF test carried out in the laboratory?

1. Order for Routine Haematology Tests + IPF

2. Sampling

  • EDTA blood sample
  • Sample stability: 24 hours at room temperature

3. Haematological Examination Using Fluorescence Methods

Platelets, including IPF, are analysed using a platelet-specific fluorescent dye, ensuring that the results are comparable to those of the reference method.10

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Fluorescence Intensity

4. Preview and Validation

5. Audit Report

 

Tahukah Anda?

The IPF test measures thrombopoietic activity to determine the rate of thrombopoiesis. The IPF test provides valuable information for monitoring thrombocytopenia and differentiating its aetiology. Therefore, together with other clinical information, the IPF can help clinicians make clinical decisions more quickly and accurately.

 

References

  1. Ault KA, Rinder HM, Mitchell J, Carmody MB, Vary CPH, Hillman RS. The Significance of Platelets with Increased RNA Content (Reticulated Platelets) A Measure of the Rate of Thrombopoiesis. American Journal of Clinical Pathology. 1992;98(6):637–46.
  2. Hoffmann JJML. Reticulated platelets: analytical aspects and clinical utility. Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM). 2014;52(8).
  3. Ashraf S, Rehman S, Asgher Z, Hamid A, Qamar S. Comparison of Immature Platelet Fraction (IPF) in Patients with Central Thrombocytopenia and Peripheral Thrombocytopenia. Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan. 2020;30(08):796–800.
  4. Amrutha BS, Adarsh E, Sreekrishna Y, Apoorva N, Shivtej N. Immature platelet fraction in children infected with dengue fever. International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics. 2018;6(1):5.
  5. Chuansumrit A, Apiwattanakul N, Sirachainan N, Paisooksantivatana K, Athipongarporn A, Tangbubpha N, et al. The use of immature platelet fraction to predict time to platelet recovery in patients with dengue infection. Paediatrics and International Child Health. 2019;40(2):124–8.
  6. Ahmad W, Lubna Z, Mohsin A, Nishat A. Study of platelet indices in dengue fever with thrombocytopenia and correlation of immature platelet fraction (IPF) with platelet recovery. Archives of Hematology Case Reports and Reviews. 2020;5(1):1–5.
  7. Yamaoka G, Kubota Y, Nomura T, Inage T, Arai T, Kitanaka A, et al. The immature platelet fraction is a useful marker for predicting the timing of platelet recovery in patients with cancer after chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. International Journal of Laboratory Hematology. 2010;32(6p1):e208–16.
  8. Linden N, Klinkenberg LJJ, Meex SJR, Beckers EAM, Wit NCJ, Prinzen L. Immature platelet fraction measured on the S ysmex XN hemocytometer predicts thrombopoietic recovery after autologous stem cell transplantation. European Journal of Haematology. 2014;93(2):150–6.
  9. Takami A, Mizuno S, Nakamura A, Kanasugi J, Yamamoto H, Vu Quang L, et al. Pretreatment Immature Platelet Fraction as a Surrogate of Reticulated Platelets Predicts the Response to Corticosteroids in Adults with Immune Thrombocytopenia. Acta Haematologica. 2020;144(3):1–5.
  10. Wada A, Takagi Y, Kono M, Morikawa T. Accuracy of a New Platelet Count System (PLT-F) Depends on the Staining Property of Its  Reagents. Colombo GI, editor. PLOS ONE. 2015;10(10):e0141311.
  11. The use of immature platelet fraction to predict time to platelet recovery in patients with dengue infection. https://doi.org/10.1080/20469047.2019.1697574